Principles of Heat, Mass and Momentum Transfer

Overview

STAFF

NAME CONTRIBUTION
Dr D. Poulidi,
d.poulidi@qub.ac.uk. Basics of Heat and Mass Transfer (15 hours); Fluid Flow (15 hours); Basics of heat and mass transfer (4 hours - 2 assessed tutorials);
Fluid flow (2 hours - 1 assessed tutorial); Lab Briefing (1 hour);
Dr J. Thompson,
jillian.thompson@qub.ac.uk. Separation Processes (18 hours); Separation Processes (2 hours - 1 assessed tutorial);
Dr K. Morgan
k.morgan@qub.ac.uk Practical Classes.
Mrs S. Evans Practical Classes.
The hours allocated here include problem classes as required per section.

Basics of Heat and Mass Transfer (13 hours):
 1.1. Introduction to transport phenomena;
 1.2. Links between heat, mass and momentum transport.
 1.3. Introduction to mass transfer;
 1.4. Molecular and convective diffusion – Fick’s law;
 1.5. Unimolecular diffusion;Equimolar counter diffusion; Non-equimolar counter diffusion;
 1.8. Liquid-liquid diffusion.
 1.9. Basics of heat transfers by conduction and convection;
 1.10. Thermal resistance networks;
 1.11. Critical and economic thickness of insulation;
 1.13. Heat generation from solids;
 1.14. Heat exchanger design (Condensers, vaporisers, multipass exchangers).

Fluid Flow (12 hours):
 2.1. Properties of fluids, units and dimensions.
 2.2. Fluid statics (Pascal’s law and its applications).
 2.3. Fluid dynamics (Bernoulli equation).
 2.4. Energy and momentum equations and their applications.
 2.5. Incompressible flow in pipes.
 2.6. Fluid flow measurements.
 2.7. Pumps.

Separation Processes (18 hours):
 3.1. Solvent extraction: 10 hours:
 3.1.1. Introduction to separations;
 3.1.2. Introduction to LLE and binodal curves including tie-lines and the Lever Rule;
 3.1.3. Distribution coefficients, plotting and using ternary diagrams;
 3.1.4. Use of ternary diagrams for solvent extraction.
 3.1.5. Seminar on solvent extraction problem.
 3.2 Distillation: 8 hours:
 3.2.1. Introduction to single and multiple flash separations;
 3.2.2. Introduction of the McCabe-Thiele method for distillation and use of mass balances to derive equations for the ROL, SOL and q-line;
 3.2.3. The reflux ratio, cases of total and minimum reflux and the Fenske Equation, calculation of q-lines for sub-cooled and super-heated liquids;
 3.2.4. Worked example of all aspects of McCabe Thiele method from use of Antoine Equation or dePriester charts to determine the phase equilibria data through to determination of the number of stages at total reflux, the minimum reflux ratio as well as the number of stages and optimum feed location at a multiple of the minimum reflux ratio, introduction to efficiencies.

Class test (2 x2 Hours):
 Class tests constitute part of the continual assessment.
 Two 2-hour tutorials (a total) of the module mark each will take place during the module (as shown below). The content of the class tests will be communicated in class

Labs (9 hours):

 Lab Briefing (1 hour):
A lecture will be given to introduce the students to the laboratory elements of the module.
 Practical Classes:
 Students will be divided into groups. Each group will carry out 3 different experiments:
 Shell and tube heat exchanger (3 hours).
 Fluid flow (3 hours).
 Vapour liquid equilibria (3 hours).
 Both an individual pre-lab report and an individual report will be submitted for each experiment as indicated in the lab manual (to be handed out in the beginning of the term).

Learning Objectives

Learning outcomes:
By the end of the module, the students will be able to:
• perform fluid flow measurement calculations;
• apply mass and energy balance equations of fluids in motion;
• apply the Bernoulli equation in order to calculate pressure drops and velocities in pipe measurements;
• describe basic pump and valve designs;
• perform basic heat transfer calculations for heat transfer by conduction and convection;
• produce a thermal resistance network for mixed heat transfer and calculate individual and total resistances and heat transfer rates;
• design a basic heat exchanger (condensers, vaporisers, multipass exchangers);
• obtain maximum and surface temperature in the case of heat generation in solids
• determine concentration profiles in mass transfer by diffusion;
• describe different separation units in the chemical industry and discuss their relevance for different applications;
• gain an appreciation of binary and ternary liquid phase extraction processes;
• present ternary data in graph form and apply this to obtain solvent extraction mass balances;
• use mass and component balances to derive equations for the operating lines in a binary mixture distillation column and use these to apply the McCabe-Thiele method to design a distillation column.

Skills

Learners are expected to demonstrate the following on completion of the module:
 The students will gain the necessary theoretical background that will allow them to carry out a design of basic unit operations.
 In addition, through participation in lab and tutorial classes the students will be able to interpret and synthesise information presented in class and produce a summarised version of key points. They will also acquire skills in problem solving at tutorials, report writing through lab reports, communication in lab classes, lectures and tutorials and time management.

Assessment

Assessment:
Examination 50 %.
Class Tests 1x15% + 1x20%
Laboratory practice 15 %.

Module Requirements:
Practical report submission 100 %.
Examination Mark Veto at 40 %.
Continual assessment Mark Veto 40 %.