Fluid Mechanics

Overview

STAFF

NAME CONTRIBUTION
Dr. M. Blesic
m.blesic@qub.ac.uk Fluid Mechanics (10); Mixing of liquids (3); Filtration and centrifugation (3); Heat and Mass Transfer in Fluidised Systems (5); Tutorials;
Dr. C. Mangwandi
c.mangwandi@qub.ac.uk Module Co-Ordinator
Particle mechanics (10); Size reduction, separation & classification (10);Non- Newtonian Fluids (10); Tutorials;
Dr. B. Xiao
b.xiao@qub.ac.uk
Transport Phenomena (9); Tutorials.
Content

Fluid Mechanics (10):
 Fundamentals.
 Transport Laws.
 Dimension Analysis.
 Scale-up.
 Dimensionless Groups in Fluid Mechanics.
 Fluid Properties.
 Fluid Kinematics.
 Finite Control Volume Analysis.
 Differential Analysis of Fluid Flow, Flow in Pipes.
 Pumps and Compressors.
 Flow Over Immersed Objects.

Mixing of liquids (3):
 Introduction.
 Liquid-liquid mixing equipment.
 Installation of mixers and tank baffling.
 Power consumption and mixing theory.
 Impellor and process power selection.

Particle mechanics (10):
 Characteristics of particles, rheology of particle masses and gravity flow of bulk solids.
 Pressure drop through beds of particulate solids.
 Drag.
 Potential flow and flow of a real fluid.
 Flow separation and wake formation.
 Drag coefficients, drag diagrams and relationships.
 Terminal velocity in an infinite medium and hindered settling.
 Accelerated motion in free settling.
 Fluidisation:
 Types of fluidisation systems
 Minimum fluidisation velocities

Filtration and centrifugation (3):
 Gas and liquid filtration equipment.
 Kozeny equation.
 Constant pressure filtration.
 Constant rate filtration.
 Incompressible and compressible cakes.
 Depth and cake filtration in gas-solid systems.
 Centrifugation
 Centrifugal equipment.
 Centrifugal force and fluid pressure.
 Liquid-liquid separation.
 Solid-liquid filtration using centrifuge.
 Wall stresses.



Size reduction, separation & classification (10):
 Size reduction, Von Rittinger's, Kick's laws and Bond's laws, work index, energy size reduction and size reduction equipment.
 Size classification, equipment, Stoke's law, free and hindered settling:
 Gas – Solid separation:
 Cyclones

Transport Phenomena (9):
 Shell Momentum Balances:
 Boundary Conditions
 Velocity Distributions in Laminar Flow
 Flow of a Falling Film
 Flow Through a Circular Tube
 Through an Annulus
 The Equations of Continuity and Equations of Motion
 Velocity Distributions with More Than One Independent Variable
 Time Dependent Flow of Newtonian Fluids:
 Flow Near Solid Surfaces by Boundary Layer Theory
 Thermal Conductivity and the Mechanisms of Energy Transport
 Shell Energy Balances
 Boundary Conditions
 Temperature Distributions in Solid and Laminar Flow
 Diffusivity and the Mechanisms of Mass Transport
 Concentration Distributions in Solids and Laminar Flow

Non- Newtonian Fluids (10):
 Introduction to rheology
 Models for non-Newtonian Fluids:
 Power law fluids
 Bingham model
 Ellis Model;
 Carson Model.
 Incompressible Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluid in simple geometries:
 Power Law
 Bingham
 Slurry transport
 Measurement of Viscosity
 Capillary Viscometers
 Cone & Plate viscometers

Heat and Mass Transfer in Fluidised Systems (5):
 Bubbling Fluidisation System
 Modelling of Gas Flow in Fluidised System
 Heat Transfer in Gas Flow Fluidised System
 Examples of Industrial Application of Fluidised Systems
 Batch Fluidised Systems
 Continuous Fluidised Systems
 Modified Gas-Liquid Fluidisation Systems
 Babble Droplet Dispersion

Tutorials/seminars:
The students are provided with tutorial, worked examples of the above lecture material. Tutorials/seminars are an integral element of the module.

Learning Objectives

On completion of this module a learner should be able to:
 Demonstrate an understanding of behaviour and characteristics of fluids in process unit operations, and theory and application of transport phenomena.
 By the end of the module the students will have:
 have developed an understanding of the fluid flow, Naiver Stokes equations; be able to apply these equations when solving fluid flow problems;
 have the ability to correctly design fluid delivery systems, sizing of pumps and pipe to ensure economic transportation of fluids;
 developed methodologies for designing and sizing and scaling up of fluids mixing operations; awareness of the use of different scale up rules and when they are appropriate to apply these;
 developed an awareness of industrial/practical hydrodynamic efficiency in terms of pressure drop in pipeline and fixed bed systems, and drag coefficients for solid bodies;
 be able to select correct tools required for designing and sizing the size reduction unit operations
 developed methodologies for selecting and design appropriate unit operations of separation/ recovery of solids from solid/ fluid stream mixtures;
 developed an appreciation of size enlargement unit operations, able to identify and describe the key variables that influence the product quality;

Skills

SKILLS ACQUIRED:
• Numerical skills through application of transport phenomena in process engineering,
• Analytical – Evaluation of data and its use in design.
• Problem solving skills

Assessment

The module is assessed by 40 % continual assessment and 60 % by examination.
Assessment Profile Element type Element weight (%)
1. Examination (3hrs) 60
2. 2 Class Tests/assignments 20
3. 2 Labs 20


Course Requirements:
Attendance 80 %
Examination Mark Veto 40 %
Lab Mark Veto 40 %
Coursework Mark Veto 40 %
Module Pass Mark Veto 40 %