Punishment, Penal Policy and Prison

Overview

The aim of this module is to provide students with a critical understanding of the nature and issues surrounding punishment, penal policy and imprisonment. There is a concentration on the use of imprisonment, and the problems associated therewith, but other forms of punishment (or ‘treatment’ of offenders) are also considered.

The module will explore the theories behind punishment – the justification for applying penal sanctions to transgressors of the criminal law –before focussing on how the use of prison has come to dominate the penal landscape in many modern societies. Some of the specific issues associated with the modern use of prison will as be explored. For example, issues such as prison violence, order and control, accountability, equality and diversity and the effects of imprisonment. Alternatives to imprisonment will also be considered in light of more general issues in the sociology of punishment and control. Throughout the course issues will be considered in terms of international (and historic) comparisons and contexts with, where applicable, specific reference to Northern Ireland will be made.

Learning Objectives

• An understanding of fundamental concepts underpinning the major sociological approaches to punishment and the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches as they are applied to sanctions in particular societies.
• A knowledge of relevant theories, concepts and debates within the area of punishment and imprisonment.
• Familiarity with current research into the effects of sanctions predominately used in Western society.
• The ability to critically analyse the strengths, weaknesses and effectiveness of the different sanctions used in Western society.

Skills

• Be able to demonstrate an appreciation of the strengths and weaknesses of the major explanations of the historical evolution and role of punishment in society
• To know the key issues and challenges relating to current penal systems.
• Be able to identify, retrieve and interpret information on patterns on crime and punishment and to relate these to specific debates and issues.
• Be able to follow and critically assess debates and controversies surrounding the CJS and how these relate to broader social policy strategies in promoting social exclusion or inclusion.
• Be able to assess CJS policies in terms of their impact upon issues concerning ethnicity, gender and class.
• Be able to develop a critical understanding of a range of contemporary debates concerning the relationship between the philosophy and practice of punishment.

Assessment

None